除了股票要分散風險，選擇券商也要分散風險嗎? (SIPC官方答覆)

之前上一篇中有討論到什麼是SIPC(證券投資人保護公司)
可以參考這篇

延伸閱讀》海外券商會不會不安全?券商倒了錢會不會不見?認識SIPC

上述文章有討論到這間非營利公司是如何保護投資人的
然而這次也直接準備了幾個問題寫信去問SIPC官方
主要是想問50萬美金的保護額好像不太夠
因為如果要靠股票退休很有可能達到100萬美金以上
如果真的券商倒閉然後只賠得出50萬美金這樣不就虧大了?
這樣會讓大家對券商風險感到怕怕的
讓我們來看看官方是如何回答的

ME:Hello，I have the following questions to ask.
我:您好，我有幾個問題想問
ME:I am an investor in Taiwan and I have an account at an US brokerage firm , which is a member of SIPC. Could you tell me whether foreign investors are protected by SIPC ,Thank you!
我:我是台灣的投資者，我有投資在一個屬於SIPC會員的券商。請問您能告訴我，外國投資者是否也可以受到SIPC的保護? 謝謝！

SIPC:There is no requirement that a customer having an account with a member broker-dealer of SIPC reside in or be a citizen of the United States.As long as you are dealing with a broker-dealer that is a member of SIPC your account is covered exactly like the account of a resident or citizen of the United States.
In a liquidation proceeding under the Securities Investor Protection Act, SIPC may advance up to $500,000 per customer account (including a $250,000 limit on cash in the account).
SIPC:不論客戶是否居住在美國或成為美國公民，只要您與SIPC成員的經紀交易商打交道，您的帳戶就如同美國居民或公民的帳戶一樣受到保障。
在根據《證券投資者保護法》進行的清算程序中，SIPC可以向每個客戶賬戶預支最高500,000美元（包括該賬戶現金限額的250,000美元）。

ME:If I have a individual account and a joint account ，both accounts are from same brokerage firm, can my two accounts be protected separately? 
我:如果我有個人帳戶以及聯名帳戶，這兩個帳戶都在同一間經紀交易商所開設，請問如果清算時是否可以視為兩個不同帳戶，分別獲得SIPC保護?

SIPC:SIPC coverage is per customer account. Coverage of multiple accounts is determined by “separate capacity,” i.e., each account must have been created for a purpose other than primarily to obtain or increase protection under SIPA. SIPC’s Series 100 Rules provide additional information on separate accounts and are available on SIPC’s website at https://www.sipc.org/about-sipc/statute-and-rules/series100. Any accounts that do not have a distinguishing feature that would render them to be in a separate capacity would be combined in a SIPC liquidation proceeding and covered for a maximum of $500,000, including the $250,000 limit on cash.
SIPC:SIPC的覆蓋範圍是每個客戶帳戶。多個帳戶的覆蓋範圍由“單獨的容量”決定，即，”每個帳戶的創建目的都不是主要為了獲得或增加SIPA的保護”。 SIPC的100系列規則提供了有關單獨帳戶的更多信息，可以在SIPC的網站上找到，網址為https://www.sipc.org/about-sipc/statute-and-rules/series100。任何沒有區別特徵的帳戶都將被合併到SIPC清算程序中，最高覆蓋額為500,000美元，其中包括250,000美元的現金限額。

ME:The last thing I want to ask is, if I have 1,000,000 cash and I want to invest in the stock market
Should I open two accounts with two different brokerage firms, and then each brokerage firm puts $500,000 to spread the risk?
So if I unfortunately encounter two brokerages going bankrupt at the same time
I can also have protection of $500,000 for each broker.
我:我要問的最後一件事是，如果我有1,000,000現金，並且想投資於股票市場
我是否應該在兩家不同的券商開立兩個賬戶，然後每間經紀交易商投入50萬美元來分散券商倒閉風險？
這樣如果不幸的同時遇到兩家經紀交易商破產時
我還可以收到SIPC為每間經紀交易商帳戶所提供的各500,000美元保護

SIPC: When considering SIPC protection, it is important to understand that such protection acts as a supplement to SEC rules governing broker-dealer custody of customer assets. Those rules generally require that a broker-dealer segregate cash and securities held for customers from the firm’s proprietary assets. Broker-dealers carrying customer property are subject to regular audits that assess their compliance with these custodial rules.
SIPC:在討論到SIPC的保護時，重要的是要先了解這種保護是對SEC規則的補足，該規則管理經紀交易商對客戶資產的保管。這些規定通常要求經紀交易商將客戶持有的現金和證券與公司的專有資產分開。擁有著客戶財產的經紀交易商會接受定期審核，評估他們是否遵守這些監管規則。
In the liquidation of a broker-dealer under the Securities Investor Protection Act (SIPA), customer cash and securities are pooled and distributed to customers with allowed claims for the same. Distribution to a customer is made on pro rata basis based upon the ratio of that customer’s “net equity” – the value of the customer’s entitlement to cash and securities – to the aggregate “net equity” of all customers. SIPC protection is available to cover any shortfall, up to the limits of SIPC protection.
在根據《證券投資者保護法》（SIPA）清算經紀交易商時，將客戶的現金和有價證券匯總並分配給客戶，並允許其索償。根據客戶的“淨資產”（即客戶對現金和證券的應享權利的價值）與所有客戶的總“淨資產”之比，按比例分配給客戶。 SIPC保護可用於彌補任何不足，直至SIPC保護的限制。
Notwithstanding the above, if you are uncomfortable with any arrangement in which your account balance exceeds the maximum limit of SIPC protection, you may wish to divide your assets between accounts at more than one broker-dealer such that no broker-dealer holds more than the maximum amount eligible for SIPC protection. In the event that you choose this approach, it is best to ensure that the firms that carry your account assets – the “clearing” or “self-clearing” firms – are different from, and unrelated to, one another.​
儘管有上述規定，但如果您對帳戶餘額超過SIPC保護的最大限額的任何安排感到不滿意，您可能希望在多個經紀交易商之間的多個帳戶之間分配資產，以使任何經紀交易商持有的資產都不超過獲得SIPC保護的最大金額。 如果您選擇這種方法，則最好確保攜帶您的帳戶資產的公司清算時彼此不同且彼此無關。

結論
1.從SIPC的回覆中可以了解，只要帳戶所在券商是屬於SIPC的會員，不論你是否為美國人或外國人皆可以受到SIPC的資產保護。

2.談論到是否可以利用多開帳戶來獲得更多保障，像是從原本的規定一個帳戶最高保障50萬美元，變成多開設一個聯名帳戶，兩個帳戶是否可以獲得50萬*2=100萬的資產保護，SIPC表示這樣是行不通的，如果沒有正當理由而是單純的多開帳戶想要獲得更高的保障，SIPC會在清算時將這樣的帳戶整合為同一個人的，一樣是最高50萬美金的保障(包含最高25萬現金)

3.如果要利用多開券商的方式來保障帳戶(像是同時分散資金在TD和IB券商)，這樣是可以的!
SIPC官方雖然是表示這樣好像有點多慮了，因為SIPC主要是保障來補足”差額”的部分，因為券商都會受到SEC監管，有被規定要把客戶的資金以及公司所需要的資金分開，他們會定時監督。如果真的破產了會依照剩餘資產百分比來分還給客戶，不夠的部分才會有SIPC來代墊(最高可代墊到50萬美金含25萬現金)，所以基本上不太可能會有不足的事情發生。SIPC表示如果真的很擔心的話，分散券商是行得通的，不過前提是要這幾家分散的券商彼此的清算是彼此無關的，像是嘉信證券已經收購TD證券了，所以他們的清算就會相同，需要找不同清算的兩間券商，像是IB盈透證券+嘉信證券。